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Schädlingslexikon – Green Guardia

Buchsbaumzünsler: Gespinste & Kahlfraß am Buchs erkennen – natürlich handeln

Der Buchsbaumzünsler ist einer der häufigsten Gründe für plötzlich braune, „kahlgefressene“ Buchsbäume. Die Raupen fressen zuerst im Inneren der Pflanze, geschützt in Gespinsten – dadurch bleibt ein Befall anfangs oft unbemerkt. Typische Hinweise sind feine Gespinste, Kotkrümel und deutlich angefressene Blätter bis hin zum Kahlfraß. Hier erfährst du, wie du den Buchsbaumzünsler sicher erkennst und mit sinnvollen, natürlichen Schritten den Befallsdruck reduzierst.

ⓘCydalima perspectalis (Crambidae) · Buchsbaumzünsler #Gespinste · Raupen · Kahlfraß

Was ist der Buchsbaumzünsler?

Der Buchsbaumzünsler (Cydalima perspectalis) ist ein Falter, dessen Raupen sich fast ausschließlich am Buchsbaum (Buxus) entwickeln. Die Raupen fressen Blätter und bei starkem Befall auch die grüne Rinde junger Triebe. Da sie häufig im Inneren der Pflanze beginnen und sich in Gespinsten verstecken, wird der Schaden oft erst sichtbar, wenn bereits viel Blattmasse fehlt.

Raupen-Schädling Gespinste im Buchs Kahlfraß möglich
Wichtig: Kontrolliere Buchs regelmäßig – besonders im Inneren der Pflanze. Früh entdeckte Raupen lassen sich deutlich leichter reduzieren als ein später Kahlfraß.

So erkennst du einen Befall

  • feine Gespinste zwischen Blättern und Trieben (oft innen im Buchs)
  • grüne Raupen mit schwarzen Längsstreifen und dunklem Kopf (je nach Stadium)
  • kleine grünliche bis dunkle Kotkrümel im Gespinst oder darunter
  • angefressene Blätter (Fensterfraß), später deutlich fehlende Blattmasse
  • braune Stellen und „ausgehöhlter“ Eindruck, teils bis zum Kahlfraß
Green Guardia Tipp: Spreize den Buchs auseinander und schau mit der Hand/kleinen Lampe ins Innere: Gespinste und Kotkrümel sind oft der schnellste Hinweis.

Welche Pflanzen sind betroffen?

  • Buchsbaum (Buxus) – praktisch alle Sorten
  • selten: nahe verwandte Zierpflanzen (regional unterschiedlich), der Fokus liegt meist klar auf Buchs

Warum kommt es zum Befall?

  • Zuwanderung/Verbreitung der Falter in der Umgebung
  • dichte Buchshecken: Raupen sind gut geschützt und schwer zu sehen
  • milde Witterung: längere Aktivitätsphasen, mehrere Entwicklungsphasen möglich
  • fehlende regelmäßige Kontrollen – Befall bleibt zu lange unentdeckt

Was tun bei Befall? (natürlich & sinnvoll)

1. Raupen & Gespinste mechanisch entfernen

  • Buchs auseinanderziehen, Raupen und Gespinste absammeln/auskämmen
  • stark befallene Triebpartien zurückschneiden (wenn möglich)
  • abgesammeltes Material sicher entsorgen (verschlossen)

2. Pflanze „öffnen“ & Kontrolle erleichtern

  • bei sehr dichter Hecke: moderat auslichten, damit Licht & Luft reinkommen
  • regelmäßig nachsehen – besonders nach warmen Perioden

3. Buchs stabil pflegen

  • gleichmäßig wässern, Trockenstress vermeiden
  • nach starkem Fraß: schonend pflegen und Erholung ermöglichen
  • nicht „blind“ überdüngen – lieber maßvoll und bedarfsgerecht

Natürliche Gegenspieler & Schutz im Garten

Ein naturnaher Garten mit Struktur (Hecken, Stauden, Blühpflanzen, Rückzugsorte) kann Vögel und Nützlinge fördern. In der Praxis ist beim Buchsbaumzünsler aber fast immer ein aktives Vorgehen wichtig: regelmäßige Kontrolle und mechanische Reduktion sind die wichtigsten Bausteine, um den Befall im Griff zu behalten.

Warum ein Mix sinnvoll ist: Wenn du früh absammelst, die Hecke etwas „öffnest“ und den Buchs stabil pflegst, sinkt der Befallsdruck – und Folgeschäden werden deutlich kleiner.

FAQ zum Buchsbaumzünsler

Warum wird mein Buchs innen braun?

Raupen fressen häufig zuerst im Inneren der Pflanze, geschützt durch Gespinste. Außen wirkt der Buchs anfangs noch grün – innen fehlen aber Blätter.

Woran erkenne ich, dass es wirklich Buchsbaumzünsler ist?

Typisch sind Gespinste, Kotkrümel und grün-schwarz gestreifte Raupen. Reine Braunfärbung ohne Gespinste kann auch andere Ursachen haben (z. B. Trockenstress).

Soll ich befallene Triebe schneiden?

Wenn Triebe stark befallen oder bereits kahl sind, kann ein Rückschnitt helfen, die Kontrolle zu verbessern und die Pflanze zu entlasten. Wichtig ist, danach weiter zu kontrollieren.

Wie kann ich vorbeugen?

Regelmäßig ins Innere schauen, besonders in warmen Phasen. Dichte Hecken moderat auslichten, Buchs stabil pflegen und früh reagieren, sobald Gespinste/Kot sichtbar sind.

Schnellüberblick

  • Schädling: Buchsbaumzünsler
  • Bereich: Buchsbaum (Hecken, Kugeln, Beeteinfassungen)
  • Anzeichen: Gespinste, Kotkrümel, Raupen, Kahlfraß
  • Schlüssel: früh kontrollieren + absammeln + auslichten
✓ innen kontrollieren

Typische Hinweise

  • Gespinste zwischen Blättern
  • Kotkrümel im Inneren
  • grün-schwarz gestreifte Raupen
  • Fensterfraß bis Kahlfraß

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